目的 为解决冬季低温雨雪冰冻等极端天气导致的铁轨覆冰、接触网覆冰及道岔卡滞等问题,设计一款集监测、清理与维护于一体的铁路轨道智能出行辅助产品,以提升极端环境下的运维效率与安全性。方法 通过桌面调研与南方冻雨区实地考察,梳理行业技术现状与作业工况;结合竞品分析与用户画像构建,识别装备在形态适配、功能集成及人机交互层面的核心痛点并依据模块化设计与人因工程理论开展产品优化设计。结果 提出了一款空地协同的铁路轨道智能维护机器人硬件系统,实现了“监测-除冰-维护”的功能闭环。同时在数字监测系统中引入AI Agent模块,构建了“感知-规划-协作”的智能控制逻辑。结论 该方案优化了产品功能,通过简化人机交互有效降低了用户的认知负荷;AI Agent技术的应用显著改善了交互体验与作业效率,可高效适应南方冻雨等极端环境下的轨道运维需求。
Abstract
The work aims to design intelligent travel-assist products for integrated railway track monitoring, cleaning, and maintenance to address issues such as rail icing, contact wire icing, and switch jamming caused by extreme winter weathers like low temperatures and freezing rain, thus improving operation and maintenance efficiency and safety in extreme environments. Through desk research and field investigations in southern freezing rain areas, basic data were collected to clarify the industry status and working conditions. Core pain points regarding form adaptation, functional integration, and human-computer interaction were identified through data analysis, competitive product case studies, and user persona construction. Subsequently, optimized design and functional planning were conducted based on modular design and ergonomics theories. An air-ground collaborative intelligent railway track maintenance robot system was proposed, achieving a "monitoring-de-icing-maintenance" functional closed-loop, with an AI Agent module integrated into the digital monitoring system to establish a "perception-planning-collaboration" logic. Consequently, the design achieves functional optimization, effectively simplifying human-computer interaction and reducing user cognitive load. The application of AI Agent technology significantly enhances interaction experience and operational efficiency, efficiently adapting to track maintenance needs in extreme environments like southern freezing rain areas.
关键词
智慧出行 /
铁轨清理和维护 /
智能产品设计 /
人工智能体（AI Agent）
Key words
smart travel /
railway track cleaning and maintenance /
intelligent product design /
AI agent
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 国家铁路局. 2023年铁道统计公报[EB/OL]. (2024-07-08)[2024-07-10]. https://www.nra.gov.cn/zwgk/tjxx/tjgb/202407/t20240208_351334.html.
National Railway Administration.2023 Railway Statistical Communique[EB/OL]. (2024-07-08)[2024-07-10]. https://www.nra.gov.cn/zwgk/tjxx/tjgb/202407/t20240208_351334.html.https://www.nra.gov.cn/zwgk/tjxx/tjgb/202407/t20240208_351334.html.
[2] 中国气象局. 中东部地区有大范围雨雪冰冻天气[EB/OL]. (2024-02-02)[2024-07-10]. https://www.cma.gov.cn/2011xwzx/2011xqxxw/2011xzytq/202402/t20240202_6049757.html.
China Meteorological Administration. Large-Scale Rain, Snow,Freezing Weather in Central and Eastern Regions[EB/OL]. (2024-02-02)[2024-07-10]. https://www.cma.gov.cn/2011xwzx/2011xqxxw/2011xzytq/202402/t20240202_6049757.html.
[3] 谭海燕. 雨雪冰冻天气致部分列车停运或晚点,广铁集团对京广高铁采取限速运行[EB/OL]. (2024-02-04) [2024-07-10]. https://www.21jingji.com/article/20240204/herald/3f38ac85a28b4de3df4f9e4d03b9242.html.
TAN H Y. Some Trains Suspended or Delayed Due to Rain, Snow,Freezing Weather: Guangzhou Railway Group Implemented Speed Restrictions on Beijing-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway[EB/OL]. (2024-02-04) [2024-07-10]. https://www.21jingji.com/article/20240204/herald/3f38ac85a28b4de3df4f9e4d03b9242.html.
[4] 李永威, 徐林荣, 陈昀灏, 等. 基于天-空-车-地一体化铁路路基灾害隐患早期识别与服役状态监测[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2024, 49(8): 1392-1406+1421.
LI Y W, XU L R, CHEN Y H, et al. Early Identification of Potential Railway Subgrade Disasters and Service Status Monitoring Based on Sky-Air-Vehicle-Ground Integration[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2024, 49(8): 1392-1406+1421.
[5] 王吉岱, 连金玲. 气动式除冰机器人及其运动学分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2013, 24(5): 629-633.
WANG J D, LIAN J L.Pneumatic De-icing Robot and Its Kinematics Analysis[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 24(5): 629-633.
[6] 张福福, 李方义, 李剑峰. 模块化设计原理及方法研究进展[J]. 机械设计, 2020, 37(1): 1-8.
ZHANG F F, LI F Y, LI J F.Research Progress on Principles and Methods of Modular Design[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2020, 37(1): 1-8.
[7] 丁玉兰. 人机工程学[M]. 5版. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2019.
DING Y L.Ergonomics[M]. 5th ed. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2019.
[8] 何人可, 王龙, 钟兰馨. 人机工程学[M]. 4版. 长沙: 湖南大学出版社, 2022.
HE R K, WANG L, ZHONG L X.Ergonomics[M]. 4th ed. Changsha: Hunan University Press, 2022.
[9] 余朝阳, 豆孝磊, 陈宏斌, 等. 车载激光雷达技术在既有线勘测中的应用研究[J]. 铁道勘察, 2025, 41(6): 14-18.
YU C Y, DOU X L, CHEN H B, et al.Application Research of Vehicle-mounted LiDAR Technology in Existing Railway Line Survey[J]. Railway Investigation and Surveying, 2025, 41(6): 14-18.
[10] 张政. 光纤光栅传感技术在高速铁路轨道状态监测中的应用[J]. 铁道建筑, 2016, 56(5): 77-81.
ZHANG Z.Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Technology in High-Speed Railway Track Condition Monitoring[J]. Railway Engineering, 2016, 56(5): 77-81.
[11] 李辉, 李忠明, 陈广源. 基于调度计划的智能道岔融雪系统[J]. 铁路通信信号工程技术, 2025, 22(5): 40-44.
LI H, LI Z M, CHEN G Y.Intelligent Switch Snow Melting System Based on Dispatching Plan[J]. Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering, 2025, 22(5): 40-44.
[12] 马少平, 朱小燕. 人工智能导论[M]. 3版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2020.
MA S P, ZHU X Y.Introduction to Artificial Intelligence[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2020.
[13] 张洁, 丁鹏飞, 王柏村, 等. 面向人本智造的人机协作:发展演变、融合应用与未来展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(15): 4-22.
ZHANG J, DING P F, WANG B C, et al.Human-Machine Collaboration for Human-Centered Manufacturing: Development, Integrated Applications and Future Prospects[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(15): 4-22.
[14] 黄思翰, 陈建鹏, 徐哲, 等. 基于大语言模型和机器视觉的智能制造系统人机自主协同作业方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(3): 130-141.
HUANG S H, CHEN J P, XU Z, et al.Human-Machine Autonomous Collaborative Operation Method for Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Based on Large Language Model and Machine Vision[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(3): 130-141.
[15] 王瑾, 高守亭, 韩永翔, 等. 复杂山地环境下冻雨形成机理研究及外场观测试验[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2021.
WANG J, GAO S T, HAN Y X, et al.Study on Formation Mechanism of Freezing Rain in Complex Mountainous Environment and Field Observation Experiment[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2021.
[16] 中国新闻网. 武汉铁路: 冰冻雨雪致多趟列车停运, 不要贸然前往火车站[EB/OL]. (2024-02-04) [2024-07-10]. https://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/02-04/10158708.shtml.
China News Service. Wuhan Railway: Multiple Trains Suspended Due to Freezing Rain and Snow, Do Not Rush to the Train Station[EB/OL]. (2024-02-04) [2024-07-10]. https://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/02-04/10158708.shtml.
[17] 谭浩, 赵江洪. 产品设计中的用户旅程图研究与应用[J]. 包装工程, 2013, 34(2): 74-77.
TAN H, ZHAO J H.Research and Application of User Journey Map in Product Design[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2013, 34(2): 74-77.
[18] 肖晓伟, 肖晓晖. 输电线路除冰机器人关键技术综述[J]. 机器人, 2017, 39(5): 712-720.
XIAO X W, XIAO X H.A Review of Key Technologies for Transmission Line De-icing Robots[J]. Robot, 2017, 39(5): 712-720.
[19] 张峥明. GCX1000轨道除雪车抛雪风机的设计与应用研究[J]. 铁道建筑, 2016, 56(12): 125-128.
ZHANG Z M.Design and Application Research of Snow Blower of GCX1000 Railway Snowplough[J]. Railway Engineering, 2016, 56(12): 125-128.
[20] 马庆禄, 丁雪琴, 黄筱潇, 等. 新型轨道消防救援车模块化系统设计[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 70-75.
MA Q L, DING X Q, HUANG X X, et al.Modular System Design of New Railway Fire Rescue Vehicle[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 70-75.
[21] 吴飞. 人工智能导论: 模型与算法[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2020.
WU F.Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Models and Algorithms[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2020.
[22] 李少谦. 5G移动通信系统设计与实践[M]. 2版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2021.
LI S Q.5G Mobile Communication System Design and Practice[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Posts & Telecom Press, 2021.
[23] 宗成庆. 自然语言处理[M]. 2版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2018.
ZONG C Q.Natural Language Processing[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2018.
[24] 马利庄, 潘志庚. 增强现实技术及应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020.
MA L Z, PAN Z G.Augmented Reality Technology and Applications[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2020.
[25] 李泓, 陈立泉. 固态电池关键材料体系发展研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2024, 26(3): 19-33.
LI H, CHEN L Q.Development of Key Material Systems for Solid-State Batteries[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2024, 26(3): 19-33.
[26] XU C, ZHANG P F, YU H B, et al.Dynamic Blockchain-Empowered Trustworthy Edge-End Collaborative Computing via Rotating Multi-Agent DRL[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2025, 24(6): 4864-4878.
[27] 李伯虎, 柴旭东, 张霖, 等. 面向智慧物联网的新型嵌入式仿真技术研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2022, 34(3): 419-441.
LI B H, CHAI X D, ZHANG L, et al.Research on New Embedded Simulation Technology for Smart Internet of Things[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2022, 34(3): 419-441.
基金
2024年重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究规划项目（24SKGH125）; 重庆市社会科学规划项目（2022BS096）; 重庆市艺术科学规划项目（JT24QN02）; 重庆市社科博士项目（2023BS115）; 重庆市教育委员会高等教育（本科）教学改革研究项目（253137）; 重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学重点项目（25SKJD125）
PDF(16106 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501717号