基于情景意识的通航座舱显示界面优化设计

张宁宁; 孟祥科; 田思宇; 谭宇

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.001

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包装工程（设计栏目） ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (14) : 1-13. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.001

专题：航空装备人因工程与工业设计创新

基于情景意识的通航座舱显示界面优化设计

张宁宁^1,*, 孟祥科¹, 田思宇¹, 谭宇²

作者信息 +

Optimized Design of General Aviation Cockpit Display Interface Based on Situational Awareness

ZHANG Ningning^1,*, MENG Xiangke¹, TIAN Siyu¹, TAN Yu²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的面向通用航空低空飞行安全与人机工效提升的需求,探究以情景意识（Situation Awareness,SA）为导向的座舱显示界面设计方法。方法依据情景意识三层次模型,构建通航飞行员情景意识评估模型,结合通航座舱显示界面设计要素特点,提出基于情景意识的通航座舱显示界面设计策略。通过模拟飞行实验,采用3D-SART、记忆探查法与眼动追踪等评估方法,从主观感知、信息记忆和视觉行为3个维度量化评估情景意识水平。结果在发动机失效引发的无动力的下降场景中,飞行员对界面仪表注视次数、注视时间百分比及注视点数目均显著上升,视觉搜索策略明显改变,情景意识水平大幅降低。视觉注意更集中于姿态、航向及发动机参数区,注视轨迹更分散,认知负荷增加。座舱信息呈现方式直接影响情景意识的形成与维持,对通航座舱主飞行显示界面与多功能显示界面进行优化设计并验证。结论情景意识理论为通航座舱显示界面设计提供了理论支撑与实践参考,对其他复杂人机交互界面设计亦具有一定的借鉴价值。

Abstract

Addressing the need to enhance low-altitude flight safety and human-machine ergonomics in general aviation, the work aims to explore a situational awareness-driven design methodology for cockpit display interfaces. Based on the three-level SA model, an evaluation model for general aviation pilots' situational awareness was constructed. By integrating the characteristics of cockpit display design elements, situational awareness-based design strategies were proposed. Simulated flight experiments were conducted, in which the 3D-SART scale, memory probe technique, and eye tracking were employed to quantitatively assess situational awareness across three dimensions: subjective perception, information memory, and visual behavior. In an unpowered descent due to engine failure, pilots exhibited significant increases in fixation count, fixation duration percentage, and the number of fixations on instruments, accompanied by markedly altered visual search patterns and a considerable decline in situational awareness. Visual attention was concentrated more on attitude, heading, and engine parameters, with more dispersed scan paths and elevated cognitive load. Cockpit information presentation mode directly affected the formation and maintenance of situational awareness. Accordingly, the primary flight display and multifunction display interfaces for general aviation were optimized and experimentally verified. Situational awareness theory provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the design of general aviation cockpit display interfaces and offers a valuable reference for the design of other complex human-computer interaction interfaces.

导出引用1

张宁宁, 孟祥科, 田思宇, 谭宇. 基于情景意识的通航座舱显示界面优化设计[J]. 包装工程. 2026, 47(14): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.001

ZHANG Ningning, MENG Xiangke, TIAN Siyu, TAN Yu. Optimized Design of General Aviation Cockpit Display Interface Based on Situational Awareness[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(14): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.001

中图分类号： TB472

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