目的 探讨低空飞行器乘客座椅在不同滑轨位置与靠背角度组合条件下的区域体压分布特征,揭示不同体型样本的工效响应差异,为座椅分体型参数设定提供实验依据。方法 选取P5、P50和P95 3组代表性体型样本共45名,以低空飞行器乘客座椅为实验对象,设置滑轨位置0 mm、40 mm、80 mm和靠背角度90°、105°、120°共9种工况,采集上背、下背、腰、臀和腿5个区域的体压数据,并提取背部总压力、背部接触面积、臀部峰值压力、腿部接触面积和腰部平均压力5个核心指标,采用描述性统计、双因素重复测量方差分析和线性混合模型（linear mixed model,LMM）进行分析。结果 滑轨位置与靠背角度均会影响人体-座椅界面受力状态,多项核心指标表现出显著主效应或交互效应。LMM进一步显示,体型组及其与滑轨位置、靠背角度的交互项在多个核心指标上达到显著水平,说明不同代表性体型样本在参数调节下的区域体压响应模式存在差异。背部支撑相关指标对靠背角度变化更为敏感,下肢承载相关指标更易受到滑轨位置影响,且不同评价指标对应的代表性工况并不完全一致。结论 低空飞行器乘客座椅参数设定不宜仅依据单一平均体型或统一最优组合,而应结合典型小、中、大体型样本的区域体压响应特征,在背部支撑建立与臀腿承载分配之间进行综合平衡。研究结果可为低空飞行器乘客座椅的分体型参数设定与工效优化提供初步实验依据。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the regional body pressure distribution characteristics of passenger seats in low-altitude aircraft under different combinations of seat track position and backrest angle, so as to reveal ergonomic response differences among representative body-type samples and provide experimental evidence for body-type-specific seat parameter setting. A total of 45 participants representing three body-type groups, namely P5, P50 and P95, were recruited. Nine test conditions were established by combining three seat track positions of 0, 40 and 80 mm, with three backrest angles of 90°, 105° and 120°. Body pressure data were collected from five regions, including the upper back, lower back, lumbar region, buttocks and thighs. Five core indicators were extracted, namely total back pressure, back contact area, peak buttock pressure, thigh contact area and mean lumbar pressure. Descriptive statistics, two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and linear mixed models were used for data analysis. Both seat track position and backrest angle affected the human-seat interface loading state, and several core indicators exhibited significant main effects or interaction effects. The linear mixed models further indicated that body-type group and its interactions with seat track position and backrest angle were significant for several core indicators, suggesting differences in regional body pressure response patterns among representative body-type samples. Back-support-related indicators were more sensitive to changes in backrest angle, whereas lower-limb-loading-related indicators were more affected by seat track position. The representative conditions identified for different indicators did not fully coincide. Therefore, parameter setting of passenger seats in low-altitude aircraft should not rely on a single average body type or a uniform optimal combination. Instead, representative small, medium and large body-type samples should be considered, with a balanced focus on back support establishment and buttock-thigh load distribution. The findings provide preliminary experimental evidence for body-type-specific parameter setting and ergonomic optimization of passenger seats in low-altitude aircraft.
关键词
低空飞行器 /
乘客座椅 /
区域体压分布 /
参数设定 /
体型差异
Key words
low-altitude aircraft /
passenger seat /
regional body pressure distribution /
parameter setting /
body-type difference
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基金
教育部2025年第07月批次产学合作协同育人项目（250905329151720）
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