目的 针对老龄化背景下医疗康复辅具人机失配,以及用户隐性需求难以转化为精确工程语言的语义鸿沟问题,以数智健康赋能为导向,提出一种基于KANO-FBS理论的适老化设计方法。方法 采用定性与定量相结合的实证方法,通过问卷与访谈获取326份有效样本;运用KANO模型对老年人出行需求进行量化解析,提取物理安全、人机适配与智能伴护三类核心诉求;引入FBS理论构建需求-功能-行为-结构的多维映射机制,将抽象需求转译为具体的设计语义与工程要素;最后,运用TOPSIS逼近理想解排序法对输出方案进行多维效度验证。结果 设计出一套包含稳态底盘、动态人机补偿座舱、多模态交互界面及主动式数智服务生态的康养出行装备系统。TOPSIS评价结果显示,该方案的相对贴合度达0.829,显著优于现有市场对照竞品（0.449~0.566）。结论 KANO-FBS混合模型实现了从用户心理感知到精确设计参数的科学转化,验证了设计语义与工程结构耦合的有效性,为数智健康背景下的适老康养出行装备正向研发提供了方法论框架。
Abstract
To address the human-machine mismatch of medical rehabilitation assistive devices in the context of aging, and the semantic gap where users' latent needs are difficult to translate into precise engineering language, the work aims to propose an age-appropriate design method based on the KANO-FBS theory under the guidance of intelligent health empowerment. An empirical approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was adopted and 326 valid samples were obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The KANO model was utilized to quantitatively analyze the travel needs of the elderly, extracting three core demands of physical safety, human-machine adaptation, and intelligent companionship. The Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) theory was introduced to construct a multi-dimensional mapping mechanism of "need-function-behavior-structure", translating abstract needs into specific design semantics and engineering elements. Finally, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied to conduct a multi-dimensional validity verification of the output design schemes. An intelligent health-care mobility equipment system was designed, comprising a steady-state chassis, a dynamic ergonomic compensation cabin, a multi-modal interaction interface, and a proactive intelligent service ecosystem. The TOPSIS evaluation results showed that the relative closeness of the proposed scheme reached 0.829, which was significantly superior to existing competing products in the market (0.449-0.566). The KANO-FBS hybrid model realizes the scientific transformation from users' psychological perception to precise design parameters, and verifies the effectiveness of the coupling between design semantics and engineering structures. It provides a methodological framework for the forward research and development of age-appropriate health-care mobility equipment in the context of intelligent health.
关键词
KANO模型 /
FBS理论 /
需求映射 /
数智健康 /
出行装备 /
TOPSIS评价
Key words
KANO model /
FBS theory /
need mapping /
intelligent health /
mobility equipment /
TOPSIS evaluation
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