目的 为了降低转运人员在老旧社区步梯下楼场景作业时的人因失误风险,有效提升急救转运担架设计的宜人性,提出基于Jack仿真的转运担架人机工程设计优化思路。方法 首先,构建虚拟转运场景进行Jack仿真,提取两名转运人员协同作业过程中的不良工效学因素,明确优化方向;其次,基于对虚拟人的作业姿势、腰椎压力、可视域以及担架空间可通过性的仿真结果,实施转运担架的结构和人机工程设计优化;最后,通过结合Jack平台的仿真迭代评估与优化后方案的用户满意度评价实施双重验证。结果 验证后的数据表明,两名转运人员OWAS姿势风险评分值分别降低了43.2%、69.5%,其L4~L5腰椎处的压力指数分别降低了39.6%、48.5%。优化设计后转运人员可视域范围显著增加。转运担架最小转弯半径减小了43.1%。结论 优化后的方案满足了转运人员在老旧社区步梯转运患者下楼作业时的使用需求。方案验证了本研究提出优化思路的有效性,亦可为其他特殊场景下的急救设备人机适配研究提供参考。
Abstract
The work aims to propose an ergonomic optimization approach for stretcher design based on Jack simulation to reduce the risk of human error during staircase descent operations in old residential communities and enhance the ergonomics of emergency transport stretcher design. Firstly, a virtual transport scenario was constructed for Jack simulation to identify poor ergonomic factors during two-person collaborative operations, and clarify optimization directions. Secondly, based on simulation results of the virtual subjects' working postures, lumbar spine pressure, field of view, and stretcher spatial accessibility, structural and ergonomic improvements were implemented. Finally, dual validation was achieved through iterative simulation assessment on the Jack platform and user satisfaction evaluation of the optimized design. Verified data indicated that the OWAS posture risk scores for both transporters decreased by 43.2% and 69.5%, respectively. The pressure indices at the L4-L5 lumbar vertebrae decreased by 39.6% and 48.5%, respectively. The optimized design significantly increased the transporters' field of view. The minimum turning radius of the transport stretcher decreased by 43.1%. The optimized solution meets the operational requirements for transporting patients down stairs in old residential communities. This validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach and provides a reference for human-machine interface studies of emergency equipment in other specialized scenarios.
关键词
老旧社区 /
步梯下楼场景 /
Jack /
作业姿势 /
急救转运担架
Key words
old residential communities /
staircase descent /
Jack /
working posture /
emergency transport stretcher
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基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目（22BSH122）; 陕西省重点研发计划项目（2025SF-YBXM-231; 2022ZDLSF07-07）; 陕西省教育厅自然科学专项（23JK0567）; 西安市社科基金项目（24FZ44）
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