目的 针对当前长城文创产品重宏观形态复刻、轻深层文化挖掘的现状,旨在构建长城沿线民居“文化基因”分析框架,深入剖析其微观装饰特征与隐性民俗意涵并探索其在茶具设计中的科学转译路径。方法 采用定性与定量结合的方法。首先,借鉴生物学隐喻构建文化基因图谱,对防御型、商贸型、耕读型聚落进行解构,提取拱券结构、梯形收分等显性基因,挖掘防御意识、礼制伦理等隐性基因。其次,运用感性工学理论,通过语义差异法（SD法）收集感性词汇并进行SPSS因子分析,筛选出“沉稳防御感”“生态秩序感”“内敛礼制感”三个核心维度,建立“意象-要素”映射模型。随后,进行茶具方案设计推演,产出三个备选方案。最后,构建由文化还原度、造型美学等组成的评价体系,采用熵权-TOPSIS法结合专家评价,客观确定指标权重并计算方案贴近度,实现设计决策的量化筛选。结论 将窑洞拱券、堡寨收分等特征转化为现代设计语言,构建了“基因提取-感性映射-量化评估”路径,有效解决了文创设计中形式与内涵割裂的问题,避免了设计的随意性。
Abstract
In response to the current situation where the cultural and creative products of the Great Wall focus more on macroscopic form replication and less on in-depth cultural exploration, the work aims to construct an analytical framework for the "cultural genes" of the residential buildings along the Great Wall, deeply analyze their micro-level decorative features and implicit folk customs, and explore the scientific translation path of these elements in tea set design. This research adopted a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly, it borrowed the biological metaphor to construct a cultural gene map, deconstructing the defense-oriented, trade-oriented, and farming and reading-oriented settlements, extracting explicit genes such as arch structures and trapezoidal tapering, and exploring implicit genes such as defense consciousness and ritual ethics. Secondly, it applied the theory of sensibility engineering, collecting sensibility vocabulary through the semantic differential method (SD method) and conducting SPSS factor analysis to screen out three core dimensions: "stability and defense sense", "ecological order sense", and "restrained ritual sense", and establishing an "image-element" mapping model. Subsequently, it conducted tea set design scheme deduction, generating three alternative schemes. Finally, it built an evaluation system composed of cultural restoration degree, shape aesthetics, etc., and used the entropy weight-TOPSIS method combined with expert evaluation to objectively determine the index weights and calculate the scheme proximity, achieving quantitative screening of design decisions. In conclusion, by transforming the features of cave arches and fortresses' tapering into modern design language, a path of "gene extraction-sensibility mapping-quantitative evaluation" is constructed, effectively solving the problem of the separation of form and content in cultural and creative design and avoiding the arbitrariness of design.
关键词
长城民居 /
文化基因 /
茶具设计 /
感性工学 /
熵权-TOPSIS法
Key words
residential buildings along the Great Wall /
cultural genes /
tea set design /
Kansei engineering /
entropy weight-TOPSIS method
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