目的 针对老旧社区公共设施与老年人实际需求错配的问题,构建一套融合环境行为学与用户需求分析的适老化改造方法体系,并通过设计实践进行验证,形成从理论构建到应用反馈的完整研究路径。方法 以“行为-环境”互动理论为核心,综合运用实地观测、行为注记与Kano模型,将识别出的焦点问题系统转化为包含5个维度、14个指标的需求评价体系,进而通过Better-Worse系数分析完成需求分类与优先级排序。最终,基于该体系提出改造策略,并完成典型社区方案设计与验证。结论 研究揭示了山地老年群体对“空间连续性”与“环境安全感”的核心诉求,构建了“行为需求-Kano属性-理论阐释-设计策略”的系统转化工具,提出了“环境支持-行为赋能-情感归属”三级干预框架与涵盖精准改造、社区协同及动态优化的实施路径。案例验证表明,该方法能有效指导形成兼具地域适应性、经济可行性及政策衔接性的改造方案,为同类社区提供从诊断到更新的完整方法论支持。
Abstract
To address the mismatch between public facilities in old residential communities and the actual demands of elderly residents, the work aims to develop an methodological system for age-friendly retrofitting that integrates environmental behavior studies and user needs analysis, validates it through design practice, and thus forms a complete research trajectory from theoretical construction to practical feedback. Centered on the "behavior-environment" interaction theory, field observation, behavioral mapping, and the Kano model were employed to systematically translate identified focal issues into a demand evaluation system comprising 5 dimensions and 14 indicators. Through Better-Worse coefficient analysis, demand categorization and priority ranking were accomplished. Based on this system, retrofitting strategies were proposed, and the design and verification of a scheme for a representative community are carried out. The work reveals the core demands of elderly residents in mountainous areas for "spatial continuity" and "environmental safety", constructs a systematic transformation tool based on the logic of "behavioral demand-Kano attribute-theoretical interpretation-design strategy", and proposes a three-level intervention framework of "environmental support-behavioral empowerment-emotional belonging", along with an implementation pathway covering targeted retrofitting, community collaboration, and dynamic optimization. Case validation demonstrates that this approach can effectively guide the development of retrofitting schemes that are regionally adaptive, economically feasible, and policy-aligned, providing a comprehensive methodological reference for similar residential communities from diagnosis to renewal.
关键词
环境行为学 /
老旧社区 /
适老化改造 /
Kano模型 /
山地城市
Key words
environmental behavior /
old communities /
age-friendly retrofitting /
Kano model /
mountainous cities
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基金
广西高等教育本科教学改革项目（2024JGB196）; 广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目（2021KY0181）
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