目的 针对我国居家养老主流模式下,独居、空巢老人面临的居家安全、交互认知障碍及情感陪伴缺失三大核心困境,以及现有陪伴机器人存在的“功能失衡、交互生硬、适老性不足”等问题,本研究旨在通过挖掘老年人真实行为痛点与深层需求,构建适配其行为习惯与心理特征的陪伴机器人设计策略体系。方法 采用质性研究方法,选取6位居家老人进行为期四周的结构化行为观察并对12位老年人进行半结构化深度访谈,结合用户旅程图（User Journey Map）梳理全流程行为痛点与情绪波动。运用内容分析法,借助Nvivo软件对访谈文本进行三级编码与频次统计,量化分析需求优先级并构建“需求-功能服务”映射体系。结果 提炼出基础功能（36.67%）、情感支持需求（34%）、交互认知需求（29.33%）三大核心需求及其优先级排序。基于此,提出了“零学习成本交互架构”“多模态感知主动关怀机制”“情境自适应服务流程”三位一体的设计策略,完成了具备跌倒监测、主动关怀、紧急求助及适老化交互特征的陪伴机器人原型设计。结论 从生理适配、认知辅助与心理共情三个维度,为缓解现有产品与老年用户需求匹配不足的问题提供了设计思路。通过全流程行为痛点的系统性分析与设计策略转化,尝试统筹安全守护、便捷交互与情感关怀等需求,为居家养老陪伴机器人的设计研究与产品开发提供一定的实践参考。
Abstract
In the context of China's home-based elderly care model, the elderly living alone or as empty-nest seniors face three major challenges including home safety risks, interaction and cognitive barriers, and insufficient emotional companionship. Meanwhile, existing companion robots often suffer from "functional imbalance, rigid interaction patterns, and inadequate age-friendly design". The work aims to identify behavioral pain points and underlying needs of the elderly and to develop a companion robot design strategy framework that aligns with their behavioral habits and psychological characteristics. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Four weeks of structured behavioral observation were conducted with six elderly people living at home, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with twelve elderly people. User Journey Mapping (UJM) was employed to identify behavioral pain points and emotional fluctuations throughout daily activities. In addition, content analysis was conducted with software NVivo to code and analyze interview data, quantify the relative importance of user needs, and construct a "needs-functional service" mapping framework. Three core categories of user needs including basic functional needs (36.67%), emotional support needs (34%), and interaction-cognition needs (29.33%) were identified and their priority ranking was determined. Based on these findings, a three-dimensional design strategy framework was proposed, consisting of "a zero learning cost interaction architecture", "a multimodal proactive care mechanism", and "a context-adaptive service process". Furthermore, a companion robot prototype featuring fall detection, proactive care, emergency assistance, and age-friendly interaction was developed. From the perspectives of physiological adaptation, cognitive assistance, and psychological empathy, this work provides design insights for improving the alignment between companion robot products and the actual needs of the elderly. Through the systematic analysis of behavioral pain points and the translation of research findings into design strategies, it attempts to integrate safety protection, convenient interaction, and emotional care, thereby offering practical references for the design and development of companion robots in home-based elderly care settings. KEY WORDS: home-based elderly care; companion robot; behavioral pain points; content analysis; age-friendly design
关键词
居家养老 /
陪伴机器人 /
行为痛点 /
内容分析法 /
适老化设计
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基金
浙江省产学合作协同育人项目阶段性成果（浙发改社会【2022】318号-227）
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