目的 面向代际同住的家庭场景,针对老年人与年轻群体在智能门锁使用中的需求差异,开展适老化智能门锁设计研究,以兼顾两代用户的功能需求与使用体验。方法 通过初步访谈与市场调研提取用户需求指标;运用Kano模型对功能需求进行分类并基于Better-Worse系数进行象限分析;采用层次分析法（AHP）量化各层级需求权重,明确两代用户的设计优先级。在此基础上提出兼顾差异的设计策略并完成设计实践。结果 识别出两组用户在智能门锁功能属性上的异同,获得了各设计要素的权重排序并据此提出了包含基础必备功能、高期望功能、魅力差异化功能、无差异功能降级处理及年龄自适应模式的设计策略。结论 集成Kano与AHP方法能够有效捕捉和量化代际同住家庭中不同群体的多样化需求。提出的设计策略可为面向多代际家庭的智能门锁适老化设计提供方法参考与实践依据。
Abstract
Aiming at the intergenerational co-residence household scenario and addressing the differences in smart door lock usage between elderly and young users, the work aims to conduct a research on age-friendly smart door lock design to accommodate the functional demands and user experience of both generations. User demand indicators were extracted through preliminary interviews and market research. The Kano model was used to classify functional demands, followed by quadrant analysis based on the Better-Worse coefficient. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted to quantify the weights of demands at various levels and to clarify design priorities for the two generations. On this basis, a design strategy that balanced intergenerational differences was proposed, and design practice was completed. The similarities and differences in functional attributes of smart door locks between the two user groups were identified, and the weight ranking of each design element was obtained. Subsequently, a design strategy was proposed, encompassing basic essential functions, high-expectation functions, differentiated attractive functions, indifferent function downgrading, and age-adaptive mode. The integrated Kano-AHP method can effectively capture and quantify the diverse demands of different groups in intergenerational co-residence households. The proposed design strategy provides a methodological reference and practical basis for age-friendly smart door lock design for multi-generational households.
关键词
智能门锁 /
代际同住 /
适老化设计 /
Kano模型 /
层次分析法（AHP）
Key words
smart door lock /
intergenerational support /
age-friendly design /
Kano model /
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 朱紫陌, 胡鹏, 巴曙松. "十五五"时期中国老龄化程度与中长期人口发展态势研究[J]. 当代经济管理, 2026(5): 72-85.
ZHU Z M, HU P, BA S S.Population Aging in China during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period and Medium- to-Long-Term Demographic Trends[J]. Contemporary Economic Management, 2026(5): 72-85.
[2] 费孝通. 家庭结构变动中的老年赡养问题——再论中国家庭结构的变动[J]. 北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 1983(03): 7-16.
FEI X T.The Problem of Elderly Support in the Changing Family Structure: A Further Discussion on the Changes in Chinese Family Structure[J]. Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 1983(03): 7-16.
[3] Becker G.A Theory of Social Interactions[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1974.
[4] 侯建明, 张培东, 周文剑. 代际支持对中国老年人口心理健康状况的影响[J]. 人口学刊, 2021, 43(5): 88-98.
HOU J M, ZHANG P D, ZHOU W J.Influence of Intergenerational Support on Mental Health Status of Elderly Population in China[J]. Population Journal, 2021, 43(5): 88-98.
[5] 张为威, 刁玉婷, 江加贝, 等. 智能时代下老龄化产品的体验设计[J]. 科技导报, 2023, 41(8): 94-103.
ZHANG W W, DIAO Y T, JIANG J B, et al.Research on the experience design of products for the elderly in the age of intelligence[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2023, 41(8): 94-103.
[6] 谢永飞, 刘轶锋. 健康老龄化视角下的老年数字鸿沟:成因与治理[J]. 中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2024, 51(5): 125-134.
XIE Y F, LIU Y F.The Elderly Digital Divide from the Perspective of Healthy Aging:Causes and Governance[J]. Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2024, 51(5): 125-134.
[7] 李春凯. 数字赋能代际支持: 老年人主观福祉的影响机制与异质效应研究[J]. 思想战线, 2025(5): 126-139.
LI C K.Digital Empowerment of Intergenerational Support: A Study on the Influence Mechanisms and Heterogeneous Effects on the Subjective Well-being of the Elderly[J]. Thinking, 2025(5): 126-139.
[8] 景日泽, 李龙. 代际居住距离、代际支持和老年人认知功能的关系研究——家庭支持和家庭冲突视角[J]. 人口与发展, 2025, 31(1): 12-22.
JING R Z, LI L.The Associations among Intergenerational Living Distances, Intergenerational Support, and the Cognition of Older Adults: The Family Support and Family Conflict Perspective[J]. Population & Development, 2025, 31(01): 12-22.
[9] 姜丽娟, 范佳. 基于人工智能的智能家居个性化服务设计综述[J]. 包装工程, 2026(4): 587-601.
JIANG L J, FAN J.A Review of Personalized Service Design for Smart Homes Based on Artificial Intelligence[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2026(4): 587-601.
[10] 甘泽东. S公司智能门锁营销策略优化研究[D]. 南京林业大学, 2025.
GAN Z D.Research on the Optimization of Marketing Strategy for Smart Door Locks in Company S[D]. Nanjing Forestry University, 2025.
[11] 王金鹰. 基于用户行为的适老型智能门锁设计方法研究[D]. 西安理工大学, 2021.
WANG J Y.Research on the Design Method of the Age-Appropriate Smart Door Lock Based on User Behavr[D]. Xi'an University of Technology, 2021.
[12] 姜怡. 智慧家居产品适老性对老年消费者使用意愿的影响机制研究[D]. 南京航空航天大学, 2022.
JIANG Y.Research on the Impact of Elderly Friendliness of Smart Home Products on Elderly's Use Intention and Its Impact Mechanism[D]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022.
[13] 李晓杰, 刘晓天, 杨达威. 包容性设计视角下智能产品的适老化设计方法研究[J]. 包装工程, 2025(6): 343-358.
LI X J, LIU X T, YANG D W.Elderly-friendly Design Methods for Intelligent Products from the Perspective of Inclusive Design[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2025(6): 343-358.
[14] Kano N, Seraku N, Takahashi F, et al.Attractive quality and must-be quality[J]. 1984.
[15] Matzler K, Hinterhuber H H.How to make product development projects more successful by integrating Kano's model of customer satisfaction into quality function deployment[J]. Technovation, 1998, 18(1): 25-38.
[16] Saaty T L.How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process[J]. European journal of operational research, 1990, 48(1): 9-26.
[17] 张笑鸣, 王强, 李可, 等. 需求导向下互联网医疗App的适老化设计策略研究[J]. 印刷与数字媒体技术研究, 2024(4): 158-166.
ZHANG X M, WANG Q, LI K, et al.Study on Elderly-Oriented Design Strategies for Internet Medical Service Apps Guided by User Needs[J]. Printing and Digital Media Technology Study, 2024(4): 158-166.
[18] 苏晨, 岳思雨, 吴昊, 等. 基于Kano-FBS模型的妊娠期女性鞋履设计研究[J]. 皮革科学与工程, 2023, 33(05): 79-85.
SU C, YUE S Y, WU H, et al.Research on the design of pregnant women's shoes based on kano-FBS model[J]. Leather Sci Eng, 2023, 33(05): 79-85.
[19] 刘玲玲, 朱诗怡, 刘继中. 面向老年用户的家具产品设计路径研究[J]. 林产工业, 2024, 61(4): 76-84.
LIU L L, ZHU S Y, LIU J Z.Research on the Design Path of Furniture Products for Elderly Users[J]. China Forest Products Industry, 2024, 61(4): 76-84.
[20] 石文奇, 程凡, 王斌, 等. 基于层次分析法和感性工学的智能童鞋款式设计[J]. 皮革科学与工程, 2023, 33(01): 75-79.
SHI W Q, CHENG F, WANG B, et al.Style design of intelligent children's shoes based on AHP and kansei engineering[J]. Leather Sci Eng, 2023, 33(1): 75-79.
[21] 丁庆珍, 唐昌乔, 韩白雪. 基于KANO-AHP的传统村落电商APP适老化设计研究[J]. 包装工程, 2025(18): 148-158.
DING Q Z, TANG C Q, HAN B X.Elderly-friendly E-commerce APP Design for Traditional Villages Based on KANO-AHP[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2025(18): 148-158.
[22] 罗洁, 赵项, 李可. 在线评论文本驱动下的适老化坐便椅设计研究[J]. 包装工程, 2025(6): 55-65.
LUO J, ZHAO X, LI K.Age-friendly Toilet Chair Design Driven by Online Review Texts[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2025(6): 55-65.
[23] Walden D, Berger C, Blauth R.Kano's methods for understanding customer-defined quality[J]. Center for quality of management journal, 1993, 2(4): 3-36.
[24] 薛澄岐. 人机界面系统设计中的人因工程[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2022.
XUE C Q.Human Factor Engineering in Human-Computer Interface System Design[M]. Beijing: National Dedense Industry Press, 2022.
基金
浙江省高等教育“十四五”本科教学改革项目（JGBA2024507）; 2025年研究生省级教学改革常规项目（JGCG2025736）
PDF(3045 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501717号