目的 针对复杂装备操作中操作者动态姿态难以量化的问题,提出一种基于任务参数化的姿态预测与数字标准人融合方法,为装备设计阶段的人机工效优化提供依据。方法 对典型控制面板操作任务进行参数化描述,提取操作点高度、深度、方向和持续时间等任务参数,并结合不同百分位人体参数建立数字标准人骨架模型;采用FABRIK（Forward and Backward Reaching Inverse Kinematics）逆运动学算法预测肩、肘、腕、躯干等关键关节姿态,引入代价函数优化可达性与舒适性;利用层次分析法（AHP）确定可达性、舒适性和躯干负荷权重,将预测结果映射至数字标准人模型,实现多体型人群的工效评价。结果 以上方按钮、中部旋钮和下方维护口任务进行验证,结果表明P5女性在高位和低位操作中易出现可达性不足与躯干前屈过大,P50男性整体适配性较好,P95男性在受限空间中躯干负荷略有增加。同时,真人校核结果显示,主要关节角度与仿真预测结果变化趋势基本一致。结论 该方法能够实现复杂装备操作中姿态预测、数字标准人映射和工效量化评价,可为多体型操作者适配分析与装备布局优化提供参考。
Abstract
To address the difficulty of quantifying operators' dynamic postures during complex equipment operations, the work aims to propose a task-parameter-based posture prediction and digital standard human integration method to support ergonomic optimization in the equipment design stage. Parametric descriptions were performed for typical control panel operation tasks, and task parameters such as the height, depth, direction and duration of operation points were extracted. Digital standard human skeleton models were established based on anthropometric parameters at different percentiles. The Forward and Backward Reaching Inverse Kinematics (FABRIK) algorithm was used to predict key joint postures of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and trunk, and a cost function was introduced to optimize reachability and comfort. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to determine the weights of reachability, comfort and trunk load, and the predicted postures were mapped to digital standard human models for ergonomic evaluation across different body types. Validation with upper button pressing, middle knob adjustment and lower maintenance-port operation showed that the P5 female model was prone to insufficient reachability and excessive trunk flexion in high-and low-position operations. The P50 male model showed better overall adaptability, whereas the P95 male model showed a slight increase in trunk load in constrained spaces. A human-subject calibration test showed that the measured major joint angles were generally consistent with the simulated trends. The proposed method integrates posture prediction, digital standard human mapping and quantitative ergonomic evaluation, and can provide a reference for multi-body-type adaptability analysis and equipment layout optimization.
关键词
复杂装备操作 /
姿态预测 /
数字标准人 /
可达性 /
舒适性 /
工效评价 /
层次分析法（AHP）
Key words
complex equipment operation /
posture prediction /
digital standard human /
reachability /
comfort /
ergonomic evaluation /
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
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基金
国家重点研发计划课题（2023YFF0615901）
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