目的 随着人口老龄化进程加快及智慧社区建设不断深入,户外智慧互动装置日益成为老年群体户外休闲与社交的重要载体。针对当前此类装置适老化设计不足、难以匹配老年群体行为习惯与感官特征的问题,通过调研用户现状,分析需求属性、识别核心需求与使用痛点,制定科学优化方案以提升装置使用体验。方法 通过访谈和问卷收集数据,采用Kano模型对需求属性进行分类,运用IPA模型量化评估需求重要性及现有设施适配水平,明确优化优先级并提出设计策略。结果 提炼出19项老年用户核心需求,明确了必备型、期望型、魅力型需求的分类及优先级。实证发现,当前装置在操作交互、应急安全等核心需求上适配不足,所提优化策略可有效弥补上述不足。结论 基于Kano-IPA模型的需求识别与优先级判定,能够有效指导户外智慧互动装置的适老化优化,并为同类适老化设计提供参考。
Abstract
As the ageing process accelerates and smart community development progresses, outdoor smart interactive devices have become increasingly important facilities for older adults' outdoor recreation and social interaction. However, existing devices are often insufficiently adapted to the behaviour patterns and sensory characteristics of older users. The work aims to investigate current usage conditions, analyse the attributes of user needs, and identify core needs and usability barriers, so as to develop evidence-based optimization strategies to improve user experience. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys. The Kano model was employed to classify user needs by attribute, and the importance-performance analysis (IPA) model was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived importance of each need and the degree to which existing facilities accommodated it. On this basis, optimization priorities were identified and corresponding design strategies were proposed. The study identified 19 core needs among older users and categorized them as must-be, one-dimensional, or attractive needs, with their respective priorities determined. The empirical findings indicated that existing installations showed inadequate accommodation of several key needs, particularly those related to operational interaction and emergency safety. The proposed optimization strategies may help address these deficiencies and enhance the age-friendliness of outdoor smart interactive devices. The integration of the Kano model and IPA provides a systematic approach to identifying older users' needs and determining design priorities, offering practical guidance for the age-friendly optimization of outdoor smart interactive devices and serving as a methodological reference for similar age-friendly design practices.
关键词
适老化 /
户外智慧互动装置 /
Kano-IPA模型 /
设计策略
Key words
age-friendly /
outdoor smart interactive devices /
Kano-IPA model /
design strategies
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